Online: ISSN 2784 – 0360 | ISSN – L 2784 – 0360 | Print: ISSN 2784 – 0379 ISSN-L 2784 – 0360

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Rudenko Viacheslav

Winter wheat yield depending on different soil tillage systems in short-term crop rotations under Black Sea region conditions

Jan 30, 2025 |

Svitlana Pochkolina, Alexander Melnyk, Inna Kohut, Viacheslav Rudenko, Serhiy Vlasenko

ABSTRACT. A crop rotation system with optimal placement and saturation of leading agricultural crops can improve the environmental conditions of the surrounding environment and increase the agricultural efficiency. Therefore, solving this task is relevant both scientifically and practically, especially in the current conditions of deteriorating environmental conditions in Ukraine. The development of environmentally safe technologies for the competitive production of high-quality crop products in the Black Sea Steppe. The primary method was fieldwork, supplemented by analytical studies, measurements, calculations, and observations according to generally accepted methodologies and guidelines in agriculture and crop production. This study focused on crop rotation systems and primary soil tillage systems. This study examined the impact of different primary soil tillage systems on the yield of winter wheat and oats in a short-rotation system. For the 1st and 4th crops, the most favourable conditions for winter wheat yield formation were observed when it was planted after black fallow and green manure fallow with winter vetch. In these cases, almost identical grain yields were recorded, averaging 3.98 and 4.08 t/ha for the 1st crop and 3.29 and 3.16 t/ha for the 4th crop. The differences in yield were not significant. For the 2nd crop, when comparing yield with the control (black fallow), an increase in yield was observed in the background of green manure fallow with winter vetch. The increase of 6.9% was statistically significant. The no-till system of primary soil cultivation provided the best conditions for the formation of winter wheat grain yield in the 1st, 2nd, and 4th crops, with increases of 10.4, 6.9, and 5.4%, respectively, compared to conventional tillage. In the experimental variants, for the 1st and 4th crops, green manure fallow with winter vetch affected winter wheat yield, almost at the level of black fallow. For the 2nd crop, green manure fallow with winter vetch showed a clear advantage. Across all winter wheat crops, a positive impact on yield formation was observed with the no-till system. This system resulted in the highest yield compared to other soil tillage systems.

Keywords: black fallow; green manure fallow; oats; soil tillage systems.

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Physiological and Biochemical Aspects of Optimising the Sowing Rate of Spring and Winter Pisum sativum Forms

Jul 21, 2023 |

Victor Shcherbakov, Vyacheslav Rudenko

ABSTRACT. The winter and spring varieties of peas (Pisum sativum) require careful study of the entire range of technological measures, including seeding rates, as the basis for optimal sowing density and the formation of phytocenose crops. This issue has not been resolved to date, not only in the context of agrobiological justification but also in everyday practice in Ukraine. This research was carried out in a field experiment in a three-way factorial experiment: factor “A” was the type of development – winter and spring; factor “B” was the variety – spring peas (Svit and Darunok Stepu) and winter peas (Moroz, Enduro and Baltrapp); and factor “C” was the seeding rate. According to the field studies, differences in the physiological and biochemical parameters of the P. sativum test culture characterised the photosynthetic activity of the plants, considering the type of development and variety. The winter varieties of P. sativum were characterised by a higher chlorophyll content (by 35–40%) compared to the spring varieties, which had an economic effect with an increase in the yield of dry biomass of the experimental crop and a decrease in seeding rates, with the formation and increase in grain yield by 14–18%. The intensity of chlorophyll in the process was not a determining factor in the accumulation of organic biomass. The extensive nature of the integration complex was noted (the amount of chlorophyll – the amount of biomass). At the optimal seeding rate, a certain specificity was observed in different types of P. sativum: for spring varieties, the sufficient rate was 0.9 million seeds/ha, and for winter varieties, it was 0.7 million seeds/ha. For varieties with a low productivity level (spring – Svit and winter – Moroz), the optimum sowing rate was around 0.7 million seeds/ha. The increase in the seeding rate was accompanied by a decrease in the content of various chlorophyll fractions from 10–12% to 20–26%.

Keywords: chlorophyll; economic effect; Pisum sativum; productivity; seeding rate; varieties and types of development.

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© by the authors; licensee Journal of Applied Life Sciences and Environment, Iasi, Romania. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)