Journal of Applied Life Sciences and Environment (ALSE) is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal published quarterly by Ion Ionescu de la Brad Iasi University of Life Sciences.
ALSE publishes original research in agricultural, horticultural and animal sciences, food sciences, veterinary medicine, and environmental management, addressing applied and interdisciplinary aspects of life sciences.
The journal operates a rigorous peer-review process and does not charge article processing or publication fees.
Latest Articles
Influence of intercropping and nutrient management practices on the fodder yield, proximate composition and feed quality of oats (Avena sativa) and berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum)
Manoj Kushwah, Harjeet Singh, Devendra Kumar Dadhich, Goutam Mondal, Kamal Garg, Sourabh Kumar, Mohammad Hashim, Sanjeev Kumar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-584197
Article preview: A 2:1 oats–berseem intercropping system combined with enriched nutrient management produced high green and dry fodder yields with superior forage quality, indicating a sustainable approach to improving fodder availability and supporting resilient livestock production.
Farmers’ perceptions, awareness, and knowledge of adaptation strategies to climate change: the case of Bahawalpur District in Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Asad Ali Khan, Ehtasham Ullah Khan, Kinza Khan
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-584196
Article preview: A field survey in Bahawalpur District shows that although most farmers are aware of climate change, adaptive responses vary significantly with education, landholding size and access to extension services, with irrigation adjustments and crop diversification among the most common strategies.
Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla) growth and yield response to solid winery waste compost and NPK fertiliser application in sandy soil
Ncedo Goodwill Ndololwana, Olwetu Antonia Sindesi, Azwimbavhi Reckson Mulidzi, Francis Bayo Lewu
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-584195
Article preview: Compost obtained from winemaking waste favorably influenced the growth of Swiss chard due to vigorous leaf growth and water retention in sandy soils. The finding that the yields showed no significant difference in the plots fertilized with compost compared to the NPK treatment supports compost as a sustainable amendment, although further studies are needed to establish the optimal application rate.
Institutional contribution to urban biodiversity conservation, productivity, and carbon sequestration: a case study of the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria
Joshua Ogunade, Quadri Onilude, Jonathan Onyekwelu, Olusola Ogunwande, Zacharia Yaduma
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-584194
Article preview:An evaluation of tree species diversity and carbon sequestration within the developed areas of the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria reveals elevated species richness and substantial biomass, positioning institutional green spaces as significant urban carbon reservoirs and key contributors to biodiversity conservation.
Studies on cropping systems and pesticide regimes in Tolon, in the Northern Region of Ghana
Abdul-Rahaman Amadu Dohbia, Samuel Adu-Acheampong, Emmanuel Robert Blankson, Frederick Kankam
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-584193
Article preview: A field survey of smallholder farmers in Tolon, Northern Ghana, reveals widespread continuous maize cultivation highly correlated with heavy pesticide application, alongside improper handling and reuse of empty containers. These practices constitute significant environmental and health risks in one of the region’s key agricultural areas.
Solar energy interception and maize yield variability in the Forest-Savanna Transition Zone, Oyo State, Nigeria
Chukwuka Friday Agbor, Boluwatife Mosebolatan Dada, Suleiman Abdul-Azeez Adegboyega
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-584192
Article preview: Satellite-derived photosynthetically active radiation and vegetation indices were integrated with field measurements and crop growth modelling to assess maize yield variability in Oyo State, Nigeria. Results show a strong relationship between absorbed solar energy and yield, highlighting the value of remote sensing in climate-resilient crop prediction.
Correlation and path analysis of body weight and linear body measurements in Marshall broiler chickens
Emmanuel Abayomi Rotimi
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-584191
Article preview: Analysis of body weight and linear body measurements in Marshall broilers reveals a strong positive association between body length and live weight, with path analysis confirming body length as the most influential trait. The findings support its use as a practical selection criterion in broiler breeding programmes.
Cover story
Biodiversity and carbon storage in degraded landscapes
Woody vegetation plays a critical role in sustaining ecosystem functions in highly degraded landscapes, where natural structures have been profoundly altered. This study explores how perennial woody elements contribute to plant diversity conservation and carbon storage, highlighting their importance for ecosystem resilience and climate change mitigation. By examining vegetation structure, species composition and carbon stocks, the research emphasizes the value of managed woody systems as nature-based solutions supporting sustainable land use
Literature that refers to “acid rain” as “corrosive downpour”
Jaime A. Teixeira Da Silva
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-583190
ABSTRACT. When the pH of rainwater is low or acidic, it is referred to as acid rain. The term ‘acid rain’, for example, in climate change or other environmental literature, is an established term. Due to the double synonymisation of two words, ‘acid’ to ‘corrosive’ and ‘rain’ to ‘downpour’, the non-standard term or ‘tortured phrase’ (TP) ‘corrosive downpour’ has arisen in some literature. To better appreciate the volume and extent of this TP, a search (29 October 2025) was performed on Google Scholar, revealing about 132 results. After filtering out duplicates and theses, from among accessible literature, 91 documents published between 2015 and 2024 were examined, including 63 papers, 13 book chapters, and 15 proceedings papers: 65 had a DOI, 58 were open access, and the majority (62 documents) had an affiliation in India. None of the documents have been retracted. The highest incidence of the TP ‘corrosive downpour’ was in documents published by Springer Nature (n = 7). While most (93%) documents had only a few (1–3) instances of this TP, and while a large number (49%) had accrued zero citations as of May 2025, suggesting their lack of practical use for citation, some documents with this TP had high citation counts, suggesting their influence. This TP – a de facto error – would benefit from being corrected in any literature that includes it.
Keywords: air pollution; climate change; education and literacy; environment; error; nomenclature; scientific communication.
Evaluation of pollutant removal kinetics for greywater treatment in horizontal free surface flow constructed wetland
Vivien Chikogu Ameso, Sampson Oduro-Kwarteng, Donatus Obiajulu Onwuegbunam, Ezra Lekwot Vivan, Andesikuteb Yakubu Ali, Timothy Terna Mande
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-583189
ABSTRACT. Amidst a global freshwater shortage, reusing treated greywater is a viable option for supplementing non-potable demands. To ensure effective and sustainable treatment, understanding the kinetics of pollutant removal is essential for optimizing horizontal free surface flow constructed wetlands (HFSF). This study evaluates these kinetics for greywater in a continuous HFSF wetland planted with water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) under hydraulic loading rates (HLRs). A pilot-scale HFSF wetland (12 m × 1 m × 1 m) constructed at the National Water Resources Institute, Kaduna was operated continuously at HLRs of 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30 m day-1. Greywater samples were collected biweekly and analysed for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total phosphorus (TP), total suspended solids (TSS), and ammonium nitrogen (NH4–N). First-order kinetic models (k–C), a modified first-order model with background concentration (k–C*), and a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) were applied to derive rate constants and assess the model’s performance. First-order rate constants increased with HLR, indicating faster reaction kinetics; however, the overall efficiency of the pollutant removal slightly declined at higher HLRs due to the reduced retention time. TSS removal declined due to resuspension and NH4–N removal was limited by oxygen deficiency at 0.30 m day-1. The models demonstrated relatively better predictive agreement for TP and NH4–N than for BOD5 and TSS, reflecting non-linear processes. The 0.20 m day-1 HLR provided the most sustainable performance through longer retention, effective biodegradation, sedimentation, and nitrification. The derived k values fall within global ranges, validating their use in wetland design.
Keywords: constructed wetland; greywater; pollutant removal; kinetics; water hyacinth.
Comparative study of plant diversity and carbon stocks of Baleng’s forest reserve and sacred forest in the western highlands of Cameroon
Darling Wado Djouméné, Cédric Chimi Djomo, Ingrid Tsopmejio Temfack, Louis Zapfack
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-583188
ABSTRACT. In the degraded highland landscape of western Cameroon, forest reserves and sacred forests, which are subject to forest law and community/traditional management regimes, respectively, are among the forest relics important for biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation. In the Baleng community, these two types of management co-exist, and little information is available on their potential. Thus, this study aimed to compare the woody diversity and carbon stocks in the Baleng’s reserve and sacred forest. Inventory data collection was carried out in 21 randomised plots of 30 m × 30 m each. Species richness of the sacred forest is significantly lower different from that of the forest reserve (Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney, p=0.0057). Five vulnerable species were identified in these forests, including three in the reserve and two in the sacred forest, as well as two near-threatened species, one in each site. The Shannon index (2.50–2.63) indicated moderate diversity in these two forest areas. The Sorensen index (30%) showed a low floristic affinity. Structural parameters, such as stem density and basal area, did not show any significant differences, with values of 220±171 stems·ha-1 and 22.97±12.86 m²·ha-1 for the reserve and 360±103 stems·ha-1 and 35.18±6.24 m²·ha-1 for the sacred forest. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitneytest showed that carbon stocks have a lower-significant difference in the reserve (120.08±57.43 MgC·ha-1) and sacred forest (194.39±56.69 MgC·ha-1) (p=0.02). Despite their small size, these forests can be considered as biodiversity conservation reservoirs and carbon sinks for climate change mitigation. It is therefore suggested that sacred forests be integrated into sustainable ecosystem management policies in Cameroon.
Keywords: carbon stocks; Baleng-Cameroon; forest reserve; sacred forest; wood diversity.
Woody plant diversity and carbon stocks of live hedges in highly degraded areas in the western highlands of Cameroon
Lily Ervige Voumo, Cédric Chimi Djomo, Ariane Sorelle Kitio Zangue, Roger Bruno Tabue Mbobda, Louis Paul Roger Kabelong Banoho, Jules Romain Ngueguim, Nyong Princely Awazi, Louis Zapfack
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-583187
ABSTRACT. In the highlands agroecological zone of Cameroon, natural landscapes have disappeared in favour of other land use types, including live hedges (LHs), which are among the relics used to preserve biodiversity and enhance resilience to global change. However, the contribution of LHs to resilience remains unknown. Hence, the objective of this study was to characterise plant diversity and carbon stocks in LHs, emphasising their typology. Trees with diameters ≥ 5 cm were collected from 132 LHs of 50 m each along a linear system, i.e. a total sampled area of 6.6 km (16.5 ha). LH carbon stocks were estimated using allometric equations. Five LH types were identified, namely Eucalyptus hedge, Markhamia hedge, Podocarpus hedge, fir/pine hedge and mixed hedge. A total of 79 species belonging to 58 genera and 31 families were identified in the LHs, with 8 (10%) being threatened according to the IUCN Red List. The species richness was significantly different between LHs (Kruskal–Wallis, p ˂ 0.001), with the mixed LH having the most diversity (65 species). The Shannon–Wiener index showed low plant diversity in the LHs. Carbon stocks were estimated at 134.25 tC.km−1 (54.10tC.ha−1), which was significantly different among LHs (ANOVA, p ˂ 0.0001). Given the potential of LHs in terms of diversity and carbon storage, emphasis should be placed on monitoring this agroforestry practice to ensure its sustainability and, thus, enhance its contribution to global change mitigation and payments for environmental services.
Keywords: biodiversity; carbon stockage; degraded landscapes; live hedge; typology.
Optimisation of the performance of a cleaning-type teff thresher using response surface methodology
Tasfaye Abeye Aseffa, Tamirat Nurgie Lema, Dereje Anawte Alemu
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-583186
ABSTRACT. Traditional teff threshing methods are labour intensive, inefficient and prone to considerable post-harvest losses. To address these limitations, a mechanical teff thresher was designed and developed. However, the initial prototype demonstrated suboptimal threshing performance and cleaning efficiency. This study aimed to optimise the performance of the developed teff thresher through the application of empirical modelling and response surface methodology. The optimisation focused on the threshing unit, particularly the drum length and diameter. The machine was fabricated from mild steel, angle iron, aluminium and round bar materials. Based on structural analysis, the total stress was 0.6776 MPa, the maximum shear stress was 0.00013242 MPa and the equivalent (Von Mises) stress was 16.126 kPa. Performance was evaluated at three drum speeds (1000, 1100, and 1200 rpm) and three feed rates (620, 660, and 700 kg/h), under a concave clearance of 0.03 m and a grain moisture content of 14%. A split-plot experimental design was employed, generating 27 observations that were analysed using the Design-Expert software. The results indicated that both drum speed and feed rate significantly influenced threshing performance. The maximum threshing capacity of 287.3 kg/h was achieved at a drum speed of 1200 rpm and a feed rate of 700 kg/h, representing an improvement from the baseline capacity of 187.5 kg/h. Increasing both drum speed and the feed rate within the studied range markedly enhanced the threshing efficiency and throughput of the machine. The optimised operating conditions are recommended to maximise the performance of the teff thresher.
Keywords: optimisation; response surface methodology; thresher.
Assessment of rice processing and marketing practices: the case of Nigeria
Dorcas Lola Alabi, Olusesan Michael Awoleye, Kehinde Adekunbi Taiwo, Tunde Afolabi Morakinyo, Olasunkanmi Gbadamosi, Babatunde Olawoye, Oyebanji Olubunmi Alagbo, Olufemi Koya, Charles Taiwo Akanbi
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-583185
ABSTRACT. This study investigated the category of scale-level rice processing across selected states in different geopolitical zones in Nigeria, factors motivating participation in rice processing, the characteristics of rice processing enterprises, and the marketing outlets employed for the distribution and sale of finished rice products. In October 2023, 168 rice processors were selected for the study using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire, with simple descriptive statistics being employed in the data analysis. The results showed that most microprocessors (80.0%) and small-scale processors (58.3%) in the study area were located in Ekiti State, while medium-scale (41.2%) and large-scale (50%) ones were found in Kwara and Kano States, respectively. Profitability, which ranged between mean of 4.58 in Kwara and 4.89 in Ebonyi, was the most important motivating factor in all states. The characteristics of the enterprise revealed variations in start-up capital, association membership and the number of household members involved in the business. Kano State dominated all the market outlet categories, registering the highest percentage (63.4%) total sales. The study concluded that a higher percentage of rice production in these study areas was processed by the microprocessors and small-scale processors characterized by inadequate rice processing machines, and the distribution network has greater internal strength.
Keywords: geopolitical zones; post-harvest technology; rice value chain; small-scale processors.
Carbon sequestration and storage in biomass and soil of Gardenia aqualla stands in Cameroon
Djongmo Victor Awe, Youhana Dangaï, Taiga Léa Kondasso
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-583184
ABSTRACT. This study evaluates the carbon sequestration and storage in biomass and soil of Gardenia aqualla stands in Cameroon, emphasising the importance of ecosystems in mitigating climate change effects. Data on vegetation, dead wood, herbs, litter, soils, and fine roots were collected from 50 m × 50 m quadrats using systematic sampling methods. The aboveground, belowground, litter, dead wood, and soil organic carbon contents were higher in G. aqualla stands in Bénoué (50.28 ± 1.60, 11.05 ± 0.09, 1.98 ± 0.01, 8.98 ± 0.11, and 47.50 ± 0.19 Mg C ha-1, respectively). In Mayo-Loutii, the carbon storage capacity of herbaceous and fine roots of G. aqualla stands was 2.94 ± 0.06 and 8.01 ± 0.05 Mg C ha-1, respectively. In Bénoué, the total carbon stock and CO2 equivalents of G. aqualla stands was 127.28 ± 10.72 Mg C ha-1 and 467.11 ± 39.34 Mg CO2eq ha-1, respectively. The findings support the significant role of G. aqualla stands to store carbon and to mitigate climate change in Cameroon.
Keywords: biomass; carbon capacity; climate change; Gardenia aqualla stands; soil carbon storage.
Impact of climate change on sea-going fishers: a case study from Paikgachha Upazila, Khulna, Bangladesh
Md Minarul Hoque, Afifat Khanam Ritika, Md. Simul Bhuyan
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-583183
ABSTRACT. Climate change can severely impact fishermen’s community due to the nature of their profession. This study investigates the impacts of climate change on sea-going fishers in Paikgachha Upazila, Khulna, Bangladesh. A total of 60 randomly selected fishers were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires and focus group discussions to assess climate-induced changes in their livelihoods. Field data reveal that 100% of the respondents experienced reduced fishing duration due to frequent storms, erratic sea behaviour, and early seasonal changes. Around 40% of fishers have shifted to alternative professions, and approximately 40% of local residents have migrated over the past 20 years due to climate-related livelihood disruption. In 2022, 90% of fishers lost their prawn farms owing to saline water intrusion and elevated water temperatures. Climatic trend analysis using Bangladesh Meteorological Department data confirms an increasing pattern in mean temperature per year (+0.014℃) and rainfall (+7.22 mmyr-1) in coastal regions over the past three decades. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted adaptation strategies, safety protocols, and livelihood diversification to support the resilience of this vulnerable population.
Keywords: climate change; coastal Bangladesh; fishing duration; profession shift; salinity; sea-going fishers.
Genetic diversity and trait associations in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) germplasm under rainfed conditions
Folusho Anuoluwapo Bankole, Olawale Serifdeen Aboderin, Adesike Oladoyin Kolawole, Olasunkanmi Olajide
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-583182
ABSTRACT. Sorghum is a key cereal crop in Sub-Saharan Africa that is used as food, fodder, and biofuel. This study evaluated the genetic diversity and trait associations among sorghum accessions collected from the Nigeria Southern Guinea Savanna (SGS). A total of 160 accessions were initially collected from farmers’ fields and preliminarily screened based on distinct morphological traits. Of these, 20 distinct accessions were selected and evaluated in 6 SGS environments with 2 improved varieties under rainfed conditions in the 2021 and 2022 growing seasons. The results revealed moderate to high genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation and high heritability estimates (66.83–97.75%) for most traits, indicating that the accessions harbour valuable genetic diversity and that selection among them would be effective for breeding purposes. Accessions LR55 (1323 kg ha⁻¹), DR25 (1293 kg ha⁻¹), and LR2 (1226 kg ha⁻¹) were selected for their high yield and stability, and LR2, DR18, and DR15 were selected through a Genotype by Yield*Trait biplot approach for their optimal combination of yield and nutritional quality traits. These accessions are promising candidates for both direct cultivation and as elite genetic resources in sorghum improvement programs. Significant positive and negative correlations were observed among agronomic and nutritional traits, but most yield-related traits showed non-significant correlations with nutritional quality traits. Leaf width, percentage of grain coverage, number of panicles harvested, 100-seed weight, and 1000-seed weight were identified as reliable selection indices for yield improvement based on their high heritability and strong positive correlation with grain yield.
Keywords: genotype × environment interaction; nutritional and antinutritional traits; sorghum accessions; sorghum grain quality; trait correlations; yield-related traits.
On-farm verification of improved malt barley technologies using demonstration and evaluation approaches, Guji zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Basha Kebede, Girma Amare, Dembi Korji, Tekle Bobo
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-583181
ABSTRACT. This study was carried out to determine the profitability and yield of improved malt barley technologies under farmers’ settings and to gather farmers’ feedback on malt barley variety use. Bore and Ana Sora districts, Ethiopia, hosted demonstrations of Sington and IBON 174/03 malt barley varieties in 2023/24. Varieties were sown on 10 m × 10 m plots by nine experimental farmers. Training and mini-field days were employed to promote recommended malt barley technologies. Interviews were used to gather data on farmers’ preferences, yield performance, and production costs. The Likert scale, net income, and descriptive statistics were employed for data analysis. The IBON174/03 (29.58 Qt/ha) variety had a greater yield than the Sington (24.44 Qt/ha) variety. Sington and IBON 174/03 varieties produced 31,650 and 47,816 ETB/ha income, respectively. This showed that improved malt barley production is profitable in the highlands of the Guji zone. Yield, tillering, disease resistance, and market demand were the most valued malt barley variety preferences in the study area. Based on farmers’ preferences, the IBON 174/03 variety was ranked higher than the Sington variety. Therefore, for malt barley production, farmers should use the IBON 174/03 variety. Research centres should focus on farmers’ trait preferences for malt barley variety release.
Keywords: farmer participatory trial; Guji zone, Oromia; improved malt barley; on farm verification.
Cover story
In the Big Island of Brăila, the fertile alluvial soils, the hydrological regime influenced by the Danube, and pronounced variability of precipitation cause alternating drought and temporary flooding risks. In this context, the potential of direct seeding systems to increase resilience and sustainability constitutes a promising pathway. Research conducted over two agricultural years (2022–2023) as part of a doctoral thesis evaluates the implications of the no-tillage (NT) system on soil physical properties – bulk density (BD), water-stable aggregates (WTS) and soil moisture – compared with the conventional tillage (CT) system. The results showed that NT significantly improved soil quality, demonstrating higher structural stability and superior water retention in the upper soil layer. Although BD was higher with NT than with CT, it was within the optimal range (1.0–1.4 g/cm³) without affecting plant growth. CT showed greater BD fluctuation, especially in the surface layers, due to intense mechanical disturbance. For NT, WTS was higher at all depths, with a difference of up to 13.67% compared with CT in the first year.
Soil moisture was also higher for NT, especially in the 0–10 cm layer, due to plant residues that reduced evaporation and improved water infiltration.
Priming with botanical leaf extracts enhances emergence and vigour in soybean (Glycine max)
Nana Kwaku Yeboah Agyetoah, Paul Kweku Tandoh, Irene Akua Idun, Bridget Yayra Bemanu
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-582180
ABSTRACT. Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a vital legume crop that is widely cultivated for its high protein and oil contents and serves as an essential food and industrial resource. In Ghana, efforts to improve soybean productivity have largely focused on synthetic seed treatments, despite the growing interest in sustainable agricultural practices. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of seed priming using botanical leaf extracts, namely those of moringa (Moringa oleifera), neem (Azadirachta indica), and tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia), on the growth and physiological seed quality after harvest of three soybean varieties (‘Afayak’, ‘Jenguma’, and ‘Favour’). We hypothesised that botanical priming would enhance seed and plant performance compared to non-primed controls. A 3 × 4 factorial experiment was conducted using a randomised complete block design. Measurable results showed that seeds primed with 10% moringa and neem leaf extracts significantly increased the plant height, number of branches, 1000-seed weight, and seed vigour, with electrical conductivity values ranging from 17 to 34 µS cm⁻¹g⁻¹, which is within the recommended range for high seed vigour. The germination percentage after harvest remained consistently high across treatments (80–95%), with no significant delays in flowering time. Moringa-primed Afayak seeds had the highest 1000-seed weight (110.36 g), and tithonia-primed seeds showed reduced performance and higher fungal incidence. These results confirm the hypothesis and highlight the potential of botanical priming as an effective, low-cost strategy for improving soybean seed quality and crop establishment. These findings offer practical implications for sustainable agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa, promoting environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic agrochemicals.
Keywords: botanical leaf extract; germination enhancement; moringa; neem; seed priming; seedling vigour; soybean (Glycine max); tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia).
Preliminary study of the amino acids of horseshoe crabs (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda) from the Cox’s Bazar Coast, Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh
Md. Simul Bhuyan, Md. Tarikul Islam, Vinmoy Mondal
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-582179
ABSTRACT. Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda is an ancient marine arthropod with significant ecological and biomedical importance due to its unique physiological features and bioactive compounds. Despite this critical role in pharmaceutical applications, especially in endotoxin detection assays, the amino acid (AA) profile of C. rotundicauda remains underexplored, especially the population in the northern Bay of Bengal. This study investigated the AA profile of C. rotundicauda collected from the Cox’s Bazar coast of Bangladesh, with the goal of assessing its nutritional value and biomedical potential. A preliminary biochemical analysis was conducted using samples collected from a mangrove-dominated estuarine zone. A rigorous analytical protocol involving hydrolysis, filtration, and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was employed to accurately quantify the essential and non-essential amino acids. The results revealed a total AA content of 2.2%, with leucine (0.5%), isoleucine (0.3%), and proline (0.3%) being the most abundant. Interestingly, aspartic acid was not detected, and trace levels of methionine (0.006%) and histidine (0.0006%) were observed, suggesting unique metabolic adaptations in this species compared to other marine arthropods. These findings are significant as they represent the first detailed account of the AA profile of C. rotundicauda from Bangladesh’s coastal waters. The dominance of branched-chain amino acids such as leucine and isoleucine highlights the species’ potential role in supporting protein synthesis and metabolic regulation. This biochemical insight opens new possibilities for the species’ application in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries, while also underlining the need for its conservation amid increasing habitat degradation.
Keywords: amino acid profiling; biomedical applications; Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda; nutritional composition.
Coat colour variations and their influence on body traits in camels (Camelus dromedarius) of Northwestern Nigeria
Emmanuel Abayomi Rotimi, Abubakar Yusuf, Adelani Abayomi Adeoye
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-582178
ABSTRACT. This study evaluated the phenotypic diversity of 51 dromedary camels (24 females and 27 males) from Northwestern Nigeria, sampled from Katsina and Zamfara States. Twelve morphometric traits were measured, and qualitative characteristics were recorded. Black and brown coat colours were the most prevalent (47.05% each), while white was rare (5.9%). Single coat colour patterns (74.5%) and smooth hair types (56.9%) predominated. Chi-square analysis revealed significant differences (p < 0.01) in coat colour and pattern distributions, whereas hair type showed no significant variation. Age significantly (p < 0.01) influenced most morphometric traits except rump height and ear length, with older camels (≥11 years) exhibiting larger body dimensions. Sex did not have a significant effect on any of the measured traits. Camels with a black coat had a significantly higher body weight (245.96 ± 14.80 kg), heart girth (180.73 ± 3.62 cm), abdominal girth (158.52 ± 3.08 cm), and ear length (19.09 ± 0.94 cm) compared with camels with a brown or white coat. The 1–5-year age group was the largest (43.1%), aligning with breeders’ preference for younger breeding stock. These findings suggest that black coat colour may serve as an indicator of superior body traits in camels. This study provides valuable baseline data to inform genetic resource conservation and to guide selection strategies for sustainable camel breeding and productivity enhancement in Nigeria’s semi-arid regions.
Keywords: Camelus dromedaries; coat colour; morphometric measurements; phenotypic traits; semi-arid Nigeria.
Latest Articles
Influence of intercropping and nutrient management practices on the fodder yield, proximate composition and feed quality of oats (Avena sativa) and berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum)
Manoj Kushwah, Harjeet Singh, Devendra Kumar Dadhich, Goutam Mondal, Kamal Garg, Sourabh Kumar, Mohammad Hashim, Sanjeev Kumar
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-584197
Article preview: A 2:1 oats–berseem intercropping system combined with enriched nutrient management produced high green and dry fodder yields with superior forage quality, indicating a sustainable approach to improving fodder availability and supporting resilient livestock production.
Farmers’ perceptions, awareness, and knowledge of adaptation strategies to climate change: the case of Bahawalpur District in Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Asad Ali Khan, Ehtasham Ullah Khan, Kinza Khan
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-584196
Article preview: A field survey in Bahawalpur District shows that although most farmers are aware of climate change, adaptive responses vary significantly with education, landholding size and access to extension services, with irrigation adjustments and crop diversification among the most common strategies.
Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla) growth and yield response to solid winery waste compost and NPK fertiliser application in sandy soil
Ncedo Goodwill Ndololwana, Olwetu Antonia Sindesi, Azwimbavhi Reckson Mulidzi, Francis Bayo Lewu
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-584195
Article preview: Compost obtained from winemaking waste favorably influenced the growth of Swiss chard due to vigorous leaf growth and water retention in sandy soils. The finding that the yields showed no significant difference in the plots fertilized with compost compared to the NPK treatment supports compost as a sustainable amendment, although further studies are needed to establish the optimal application rate.
Institutional contribution to urban biodiversity conservation, productivity, and carbon sequestration: a case study of the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria
Joshua Ogunade, Quadri Onilude, Jonathan Onyekwelu, Olusola Ogunwande, Zacharia Yaduma
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-584194
Article preview:An evaluation of tree species diversity and carbon sequestration within the developed areas of the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria reveals elevated species richness and substantial biomass, positioning institutional green spaces as significant urban carbon reservoirs and key contributors to biodiversity conservation.
Studies on cropping systems and pesticide regimes in Tolon, in the Northern Region of Ghana
Abdul-Rahaman Amadu Dohbia, Samuel Adu-Acheampong, Emmanuel Robert Blankson, Frederick Kankam
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-584193
Article preview: A field survey of smallholder farmers in Tolon, Northern Ghana, reveals widespread continuous maize cultivation highly correlated with heavy pesticide application, alongside improper handling and reuse of empty containers. These practices constitute significant environmental and health risks in one of the region’s key agricultural areas.
Solar energy interception and maize yield variability in the Forest-Savanna Transition Zone, Oyo State, Nigeria
Chukwuka Friday Agbor, Boluwatife Mosebolatan Dada, Suleiman Abdul-Azeez Adegboyega
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-584192
Article preview: Satellite-derived photosynthetically active radiation and vegetation indices were integrated with field measurements and crop growth modelling to assess maize yield variability in Oyo State, Nigeria. Results show a strong relationship between absorbed solar energy and yield, highlighting the value of remote sensing in climate-resilient crop prediction.
Correlation and path analysis of body weight and linear body measurements in Marshall broiler chickens
Emmanuel Abayomi Rotimi
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-584191
Article preview: Analysis of body weight and linear body measurements in Marshall broilers reveals a strong positive association between body length and live weight, with path analysis confirming body length as the most influential trait. The findings support its use as a practical selection criterion in broiler breeding programmes.
Cover story
Biodiversity and carbon storage in degraded landscapes
Woody vegetation plays a critical role in sustaining ecosystem functions in highly degraded landscapes, where natural structures have been profoundly altered. This study explores how perennial woody elements contribute to plant diversity conservation and carbon storage, highlighting their importance for ecosystem resilience and climate change mitigation. By examining vegetation structure, species composition and carbon stocks, the research emphasizes the value of managed woody systems as nature-based solutions supporting sustainable land use
Literature that refers to “acid rain” as “corrosive downpour”
Jaime A. Teixeira Da Silva
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-583190
ABSTRACT. When the pH of rainwater is low or acidic, it is referred to as acid rain. The term ‘acid rain’, for example, in climate change or other environmental literature, is an established term. Due to the double synonymisation of two words, ‘acid’ to ‘corrosive’ and ‘rain’ to ‘downpour’, the non-standard term or ‘tortured phrase’ (TP) ‘corrosive downpour’ has arisen in some literature. To better appreciate the volume and extent of this TP, a search (29 October 2025) was performed on Google Scholar, revealing about 132 results. After filtering out duplicates and theses, from among accessible literature, 91 documents published between 2015 and 2024 were examined, including 63 papers, 13 book chapters, and 15 proceedings papers: 65 had a DOI, 58 were open access, and the majority (62 documents) had an affiliation in India. None of the documents have been retracted. The highest incidence of the TP ‘corrosive downpour’ was in documents published by Springer Nature (n = 7). While most (93%) documents had only a few (1–3) instances of this TP, and while a large number (49%) had accrued zero citations as of May 2025, suggesting their lack of practical use for citation, some documents with this TP had high citation counts, suggesting their influence. This TP – a de facto error – would benefit from being corrected in any literature that includes it.
Keywords: air pollution; climate change; education and literacy; environment; error; nomenclature; scientific communication.
Evaluation of pollutant removal kinetics for greywater treatment in horizontal free surface flow constructed wetland
Vivien Chikogu Ameso, Sampson Oduro-Kwarteng, Donatus Obiajulu Onwuegbunam, Ezra Lekwot Vivan, Andesikuteb Yakubu Ali, Timothy Terna Mande
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-583189
ABSTRACT. Amidst a global freshwater shortage, reusing treated greywater is a viable option for supplementing non-potable demands. To ensure effective and sustainable treatment, understanding the kinetics of pollutant removal is essential for optimizing horizontal free surface flow constructed wetlands (HFSF). This study evaluates these kinetics for greywater in a continuous HFSF wetland planted with water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) under hydraulic loading rates (HLRs). A pilot-scale HFSF wetland (12 m × 1 m × 1 m) constructed at the National Water Resources Institute, Kaduna was operated continuously at HLRs of 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30 m day-1. Greywater samples were collected biweekly and analysed for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total phosphorus (TP), total suspended solids (TSS), and ammonium nitrogen (NH4–N). First-order kinetic models (k–C), a modified first-order model with background concentration (k–C*), and a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) were applied to derive rate constants and assess the model’s performance. First-order rate constants increased with HLR, indicating faster reaction kinetics; however, the overall efficiency of the pollutant removal slightly declined at higher HLRs due to the reduced retention time. TSS removal declined due to resuspension and NH4–N removal was limited by oxygen deficiency at 0.30 m day-1. The models demonstrated relatively better predictive agreement for TP and NH4–N than for BOD5 and TSS, reflecting non-linear processes. The 0.20 m day-1 HLR provided the most sustainable performance through longer retention, effective biodegradation, sedimentation, and nitrification. The derived k values fall within global ranges, validating their use in wetland design.
Keywords: constructed wetland; greywater; pollutant removal; kinetics; water hyacinth.
Comparative study of plant diversity and carbon stocks of Baleng’s forest reserve and sacred forest in the western highlands of Cameroon
Darling Wado Djouméné, Cédric Chimi Djomo, Ingrid Tsopmejio Temfack, Louis Zapfack
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-583188
ABSTRACT. In the degraded highland landscape of western Cameroon, forest reserves and sacred forests, which are subject to forest law and community/traditional management regimes, respectively, are among the forest relics important for biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation. In the Baleng community, these two types of management co-exist, and little information is available on their potential. Thus, this study aimed to compare the woody diversity and carbon stocks in the Baleng’s reserve and sacred forest. Inventory data collection was carried out in 21 randomised plots of 30 m × 30 m each. Species richness of the sacred forest is significantly lower different from that of the forest reserve (Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney, p=0.0057). Five vulnerable species were identified in these forests, including three in the reserve and two in the sacred forest, as well as two near-threatened species, one in each site. The Shannon index (2.50–2.63) indicated moderate diversity in these two forest areas. The Sorensen index (30%) showed a low floristic affinity. Structural parameters, such as stem density and basal area, did not show any significant differences, with values of 220±171 stems·ha-1 and 22.97±12.86 m²·ha-1 for the reserve and 360±103 stems·ha-1 and 35.18±6.24 m²·ha-1 for the sacred forest. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitneytest showed that carbon stocks have a lower-significant difference in the reserve (120.08±57.43 MgC·ha-1) and sacred forest (194.39±56.69 MgC·ha-1) (p=0.02). Despite their small size, these forests can be considered as biodiversity conservation reservoirs and carbon sinks for climate change mitigation. It is therefore suggested that sacred forests be integrated into sustainable ecosystem management policies in Cameroon.
Keywords: carbon stocks; Baleng-Cameroon; forest reserve; sacred forest; wood diversity.
Woody plant diversity and carbon stocks of live hedges in highly degraded areas in the western highlands of Cameroon
Lily Ervige Voumo, Cédric Chimi Djomo, Ariane Sorelle Kitio Zangue, Roger Bruno Tabue Mbobda, Louis Paul Roger Kabelong Banoho, Jules Romain Ngueguim, Nyong Princely Awazi, Louis Zapfack
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-583187
ABSTRACT. In the highlands agroecological zone of Cameroon, natural landscapes have disappeared in favour of other land use types, including live hedges (LHs), which are among the relics used to preserve biodiversity and enhance resilience to global change. However, the contribution of LHs to resilience remains unknown. Hence, the objective of this study was to characterise plant diversity and carbon stocks in LHs, emphasising their typology. Trees with diameters ≥ 5 cm were collected from 132 LHs of 50 m each along a linear system, i.e. a total sampled area of 6.6 km (16.5 ha). LH carbon stocks were estimated using allometric equations. Five LH types were identified, namely Eucalyptus hedge, Markhamia hedge, Podocarpus hedge, fir/pine hedge and mixed hedge. A total of 79 species belonging to 58 genera and 31 families were identified in the LHs, with 8 (10%) being threatened according to the IUCN Red List. The species richness was significantly different between LHs (Kruskal–Wallis, p ˂ 0.001), with the mixed LH having the most diversity (65 species). The Shannon–Wiener index showed low plant diversity in the LHs. Carbon stocks were estimated at 134.25 tC.km−1 (54.10tC.ha−1), which was significantly different among LHs (ANOVA, p ˂ 0.0001). Given the potential of LHs in terms of diversity and carbon storage, emphasis should be placed on monitoring this agroforestry practice to ensure its sustainability and, thus, enhance its contribution to global change mitigation and payments for environmental services.
Keywords: biodiversity; carbon stockage; degraded landscapes; live hedge; typology.
Optimisation of the performance of a cleaning-type teff thresher using response surface methodology
Tasfaye Abeye Aseffa, Tamirat Nurgie Lema, Dereje Anawte Alemu
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-583186
ABSTRACT. Traditional teff threshing methods are labour intensive, inefficient and prone to considerable post-harvest losses. To address these limitations, a mechanical teff thresher was designed and developed. However, the initial prototype demonstrated suboptimal threshing performance and cleaning efficiency. This study aimed to optimise the performance of the developed teff thresher through the application of empirical modelling and response surface methodology. The optimisation focused on the threshing unit, particularly the drum length and diameter. The machine was fabricated from mild steel, angle iron, aluminium and round bar materials. Based on structural analysis, the total stress was 0.6776 MPa, the maximum shear stress was 0.00013242 MPa and the equivalent (Von Mises) stress was 16.126 kPa. Performance was evaluated at three drum speeds (1000, 1100, and 1200 rpm) and three feed rates (620, 660, and 700 kg/h), under a concave clearance of 0.03 m and a grain moisture content of 14%. A split-plot experimental design was employed, generating 27 observations that were analysed using the Design-Expert software. The results indicated that both drum speed and feed rate significantly influenced threshing performance. The maximum threshing capacity of 287.3 kg/h was achieved at a drum speed of 1200 rpm and a feed rate of 700 kg/h, representing an improvement from the baseline capacity of 187.5 kg/h. Increasing both drum speed and the feed rate within the studied range markedly enhanced the threshing efficiency and throughput of the machine. The optimised operating conditions are recommended to maximise the performance of the teff thresher.
Keywords: optimisation; response surface methodology; thresher.
Assessment of rice processing and marketing practices: the case of Nigeria
Dorcas Lola Alabi, Olusesan Michael Awoleye, Kehinde Adekunbi Taiwo, Tunde Afolabi Morakinyo, Olasunkanmi Gbadamosi, Babatunde Olawoye, Oyebanji Olubunmi Alagbo, Olufemi Koya, Charles Taiwo Akanbi
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-583185
ABSTRACT. This study investigated the category of scale-level rice processing across selected states in different geopolitical zones in Nigeria, factors motivating participation in rice processing, the characteristics of rice processing enterprises, and the marketing outlets employed for the distribution and sale of finished rice products. In October 2023, 168 rice processors were selected for the study using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire, with simple descriptive statistics being employed in the data analysis. The results showed that most microprocessors (80.0%) and small-scale processors (58.3%) in the study area were located in Ekiti State, while medium-scale (41.2%) and large-scale (50%) ones were found in Kwara and Kano States, respectively. Profitability, which ranged between mean of 4.58 in Kwara and 4.89 in Ebonyi, was the most important motivating factor in all states. The characteristics of the enterprise revealed variations in start-up capital, association membership and the number of household members involved in the business. Kano State dominated all the market outlet categories, registering the highest percentage (63.4%) total sales. The study concluded that a higher percentage of rice production in these study areas was processed by the microprocessors and small-scale processors characterized by inadequate rice processing machines, and the distribution network has greater internal strength.
Keywords: geopolitical zones; post-harvest technology; rice value chain; small-scale processors.
Carbon sequestration and storage in biomass and soil of Gardenia aqualla stands in Cameroon
Djongmo Victor Awe, Youhana Dangaï, Taiga Léa Kondasso
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-583184
ABSTRACT. This study evaluates the carbon sequestration and storage in biomass and soil of Gardenia aqualla stands in Cameroon, emphasising the importance of ecosystems in mitigating climate change effects. Data on vegetation, dead wood, herbs, litter, soils, and fine roots were collected from 50 m × 50 m quadrats using systematic sampling methods. The aboveground, belowground, litter, dead wood, and soil organic carbon contents were higher in G. aqualla stands in Bénoué (50.28 ± 1.60, 11.05 ± 0.09, 1.98 ± 0.01, 8.98 ± 0.11, and 47.50 ± 0.19 Mg C ha-1, respectively). In Mayo-Loutii, the carbon storage capacity of herbaceous and fine roots of G. aqualla stands was 2.94 ± 0.06 and 8.01 ± 0.05 Mg C ha-1, respectively. In Bénoué, the total carbon stock and CO2 equivalents of G. aqualla stands was 127.28 ± 10.72 Mg C ha-1 and 467.11 ± 39.34 Mg CO2eq ha-1, respectively. The findings support the significant role of G. aqualla stands to store carbon and to mitigate climate change in Cameroon.
Keywords: biomass; carbon capacity; climate change; Gardenia aqualla stands; soil carbon storage.
Impact of climate change on sea-going fishers: a case study from Paikgachha Upazila, Khulna, Bangladesh
Md Minarul Hoque, Afifat Khanam Ritika, Md. Simul Bhuyan
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-583183
ABSTRACT. Climate change can severely impact fishermen’s community due to the nature of their profession. This study investigates the impacts of climate change on sea-going fishers in Paikgachha Upazila, Khulna, Bangladesh. A total of 60 randomly selected fishers were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires and focus group discussions to assess climate-induced changes in their livelihoods. Field data reveal that 100% of the respondents experienced reduced fishing duration due to frequent storms, erratic sea behaviour, and early seasonal changes. Around 40% of fishers have shifted to alternative professions, and approximately 40% of local residents have migrated over the past 20 years due to climate-related livelihood disruption. In 2022, 90% of fishers lost their prawn farms owing to saline water intrusion and elevated water temperatures. Climatic trend analysis using Bangladesh Meteorological Department data confirms an increasing pattern in mean temperature per year (+0.014℃) and rainfall (+7.22 mmyr-1) in coastal regions over the past three decades. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted adaptation strategies, safety protocols, and livelihood diversification to support the resilience of this vulnerable population.
Keywords: climate change; coastal Bangladesh; fishing duration; profession shift; salinity; sea-going fishers.
Genetic diversity and trait associations in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) germplasm under rainfed conditions
Folusho Anuoluwapo Bankole, Olawale Serifdeen Aboderin, Adesike Oladoyin Kolawole, Olasunkanmi Olajide
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-583182
ABSTRACT. Sorghum is a key cereal crop in Sub-Saharan Africa that is used as food, fodder, and biofuel. This study evaluated the genetic diversity and trait associations among sorghum accessions collected from the Nigeria Southern Guinea Savanna (SGS). A total of 160 accessions were initially collected from farmers’ fields and preliminarily screened based on distinct morphological traits. Of these, 20 distinct accessions were selected and evaluated in 6 SGS environments with 2 improved varieties under rainfed conditions in the 2021 and 2022 growing seasons. The results revealed moderate to high genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation and high heritability estimates (66.83–97.75%) for most traits, indicating that the accessions harbour valuable genetic diversity and that selection among them would be effective for breeding purposes. Accessions LR55 (1323 kg ha⁻¹), DR25 (1293 kg ha⁻¹), and LR2 (1226 kg ha⁻¹) were selected for their high yield and stability, and LR2, DR18, and DR15 were selected through a Genotype by Yield*Trait biplot approach for their optimal combination of yield and nutritional quality traits. These accessions are promising candidates for both direct cultivation and as elite genetic resources in sorghum improvement programs. Significant positive and negative correlations were observed among agronomic and nutritional traits, but most yield-related traits showed non-significant correlations with nutritional quality traits. Leaf width, percentage of grain coverage, number of panicles harvested, 100-seed weight, and 1000-seed weight were identified as reliable selection indices for yield improvement based on their high heritability and strong positive correlation with grain yield.
Keywords: genotype × environment interaction; nutritional and antinutritional traits; sorghum accessions; sorghum grain quality; trait correlations; yield-related traits.
On-farm verification of improved malt barley technologies using demonstration and evaluation approaches, Guji zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Basha Kebede, Girma Amare, Dembi Korji, Tekle Bobo
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-583181
ABSTRACT. This study was carried out to determine the profitability and yield of improved malt barley technologies under farmers’ settings and to gather farmers’ feedback on malt barley variety use. Bore and Ana Sora districts, Ethiopia, hosted demonstrations of Sington and IBON 174/03 malt barley varieties in 2023/24. Varieties were sown on 10 m × 10 m plots by nine experimental farmers. Training and mini-field days were employed to promote recommended malt barley technologies. Interviews were used to gather data on farmers’ preferences, yield performance, and production costs. The Likert scale, net income, and descriptive statistics were employed for data analysis. The IBON174/03 (29.58 Qt/ha) variety had a greater yield than the Sington (24.44 Qt/ha) variety. Sington and IBON 174/03 varieties produced 31,650 and 47,816 ETB/ha income, respectively. This showed that improved malt barley production is profitable in the highlands of the Guji zone. Yield, tillering, disease resistance, and market demand were the most valued malt barley variety preferences in the study area. Based on farmers’ preferences, the IBON 174/03 variety was ranked higher than the Sington variety. Therefore, for malt barley production, farmers should use the IBON 174/03 variety. Research centres should focus on farmers’ trait preferences for malt barley variety release.
Keywords: farmer participatory trial; Guji zone, Oromia; improved malt barley; on farm verification.
Cover story
In the Big Island of Brăila, the fertile alluvial soils, the hydrological regime influenced by the Danube, and pronounced variability of precipitation cause alternating drought and temporary flooding risks. In this context, the potential of direct seeding systems to increase resilience and sustainability constitutes a promising pathway. Research conducted over two agricultural years (2022–2023) as part of a doctoral thesis evaluates the implications of the no-tillage (NT) system on soil physical properties – bulk density (BD), water-stable aggregates (WTS) and soil moisture – compared with the conventional tillage (CT) system. The results showed that NT significantly improved soil quality, demonstrating higher structural stability and superior water retention in the upper soil layer. Although BD was higher with NT than with CT, it was within the optimal range (1.0–1.4 g/cm³) without affecting plant growth. CT showed greater BD fluctuation, especially in the surface layers, due to intense mechanical disturbance. For NT, WTS was higher at all depths, with a difference of up to 13.67% compared with CT in the first year.
Soil moisture was also higher for NT, especially in the 0–10 cm layer, due to plant residues that reduced evaporation and improved water infiltration.
Priming with botanical leaf extracts enhances emergence and vigour in soybean (Glycine max)
Nana Kwaku Yeboah Agyetoah, Paul Kweku Tandoh, Irene Akua Idun, Bridget Yayra Bemanu
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-582180
ABSTRACT. Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a vital legume crop that is widely cultivated for its high protein and oil contents and serves as an essential food and industrial resource. In Ghana, efforts to improve soybean productivity have largely focused on synthetic seed treatments, despite the growing interest in sustainable agricultural practices. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of seed priming using botanical leaf extracts, namely those of moringa (Moringa oleifera), neem (Azadirachta indica), and tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia), on the growth and physiological seed quality after harvest of three soybean varieties (‘Afayak’, ‘Jenguma’, and ‘Favour’). We hypothesised that botanical priming would enhance seed and plant performance compared to non-primed controls. A 3 × 4 factorial experiment was conducted using a randomised complete block design. Measurable results showed that seeds primed with 10% moringa and neem leaf extracts significantly increased the plant height, number of branches, 1000-seed weight, and seed vigour, with electrical conductivity values ranging from 17 to 34 µS cm⁻¹g⁻¹, which is within the recommended range for high seed vigour. The germination percentage after harvest remained consistently high across treatments (80–95%), with no significant delays in flowering time. Moringa-primed Afayak seeds had the highest 1000-seed weight (110.36 g), and tithonia-primed seeds showed reduced performance and higher fungal incidence. These results confirm the hypothesis and highlight the potential of botanical priming as an effective, low-cost strategy for improving soybean seed quality and crop establishment. These findings offer practical implications for sustainable agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa, promoting environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic agrochemicals.
Keywords: botanical leaf extract; germination enhancement; moringa; neem; seed priming; seedling vigour; soybean (Glycine max); tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia).
Preliminary study of the amino acids of horseshoe crabs (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda) from the Cox’s Bazar Coast, Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh
Md. Simul Bhuyan, Md. Tarikul Islam, Vinmoy Mondal
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-582179
ABSTRACT. Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda is an ancient marine arthropod with significant ecological and biomedical importance due to its unique physiological features and bioactive compounds. Despite this critical role in pharmaceutical applications, especially in endotoxin detection assays, the amino acid (AA) profile of C. rotundicauda remains underexplored, especially the population in the northern Bay of Bengal. This study investigated the AA profile of C. rotundicauda collected from the Cox’s Bazar coast of Bangladesh, with the goal of assessing its nutritional value and biomedical potential. A preliminary biochemical analysis was conducted using samples collected from a mangrove-dominated estuarine zone. A rigorous analytical protocol involving hydrolysis, filtration, and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was employed to accurately quantify the essential and non-essential amino acids. The results revealed a total AA content of 2.2%, with leucine (0.5%), isoleucine (0.3%), and proline (0.3%) being the most abundant. Interestingly, aspartic acid was not detected, and trace levels of methionine (0.006%) and histidine (0.0006%) were observed, suggesting unique metabolic adaptations in this species compared to other marine arthropods. These findings are significant as they represent the first detailed account of the AA profile of C. rotundicauda from Bangladesh’s coastal waters. The dominance of branched-chain amino acids such as leucine and isoleucine highlights the species’ potential role in supporting protein synthesis and metabolic regulation. This biochemical insight opens new possibilities for the species’ application in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries, while also underlining the need for its conservation amid increasing habitat degradation.
Keywords: amino acid profiling; biomedical applications; Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda; nutritional composition.
Coat colour variations and their influence on body traits in camels (Camelus dromedarius) of Northwestern Nigeria
Emmanuel Abayomi Rotimi, Abubakar Yusuf, Adelani Abayomi Adeoye
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-582178
ABSTRACT. This study evaluated the phenotypic diversity of 51 dromedary camels (24 females and 27 males) from Northwestern Nigeria, sampled from Katsina and Zamfara States. Twelve morphometric traits were measured, and qualitative characteristics were recorded. Black and brown coat colours were the most prevalent (47.05% each), while white was rare (5.9%). Single coat colour patterns (74.5%) and smooth hair types (56.9%) predominated. Chi-square analysis revealed significant differences (p < 0.01) in coat colour and pattern distributions, whereas hair type showed no significant variation. Age significantly (p < 0.01) influenced most morphometric traits except rump height and ear length, with older camels (≥11 years) exhibiting larger body dimensions. Sex did not have a significant effect on any of the measured traits. Camels with a black coat had a significantly higher body weight (245.96 ± 14.80 kg), heart girth (180.73 ± 3.62 cm), abdominal girth (158.52 ± 3.08 cm), and ear length (19.09 ± 0.94 cm) compared with camels with a brown or white coat. The 1–5-year age group was the largest (43.1%), aligning with breeders’ preference for younger breeding stock. These findings suggest that black coat colour may serve as an indicator of superior body traits in camels. This study provides valuable baseline data to inform genetic resource conservation and to guide selection strategies for sustainable camel breeding and productivity enhancement in Nigeria’s semi-arid regions.
Keywords: Camelus dromedaries; coat colour; morphometric measurements; phenotypic traits; semi-arid Nigeria.
