Online: ISSN 2784 – 0360 | ISSN – L 2784 – 0360 | Print: ISSN 2784 – 0379 ISSN-L 2784 – 0360

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Issue 3 (175)/2018

Isolation and identification of Trichoderma species and investigating their seed treatment effect on rapeseed (Brassica Napus L.) germination

Jul 17, 2019 |

M. Ghasemialitappeh, M. Sadravi, A. Mirabadi

ABSTRACT. Trichoderma fungus species are highly populations of fungi in world that they can colonize roots as plant symbiosis. Various types of Trichoderma are free-living fungi that are, generally, saprophytic on the remains of soil. In addition to its role in biological control, this fungus increases plant yield and growth. So far, many studies have been conducted to examine the ability of this agent to reduce biological tensions and biological control of plant pathogens. Thus, this study was conducted to isolate and identify species of Trichoderma fungus from rapeseed fields in Golestan and Qazvin province from Iran, and also to study isolated species on germination percentage and growth parameters of rapeseed seedlings in a randomized complete block design with three replications in vitro. Based on the results, three species of T. harzianum, T. virens, and T. atroviride were identified, which the isolate of T. harzianum Ta19 showed a significant effect on the control group and other treatments in increasing germination percentage, root length and stem; whereas, the seeds treated with the isolate T. atroviride Ta11 showed no significant difference with the control group in spite of the increase in seed germination rate in comparison with the control and other treatments. According to the results, the use of Trichoderma fungus as a seed treatment like other researches on different products is recommended for increasing the growth of rapeseed.

Keywords: Fungus species; seed; root; stem; germination; colonization.

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Effect of storage containers and lengths of storage on the germination, moisture content and pest infestation of wheat seed

Jul 17, 2019 |

M. Golam Azam, M. Sohidul Islam, K. Hasan, M. Kaum Choudhury, M. Jahangir Alam, M. Obaidullah Shaddam, A. El Sabagh

ABSTRACT. A laboratory experiment was conducted at the Department of Agronomy, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dianjpur-5200, Bangladesh to evaluate the storage containers and duration of seed storage on the germinability and health of wheat seeds. The experiment was carried out in two factors, viz. three storage containers naming i) sealed tin container, ii) plastic container, iii) gunny bag, and four storage periods of i) 15 days, ii) 30 days, iii) 45 days, and iv) 60 days. Completely randomized design (CRD) was used in this experiment with eight replications. The results revealed that the germination percentages (GP) of the seeds stored in the gunny bag decreased quickly from 66.1 to 32.8% due to contained with high moisture content in seed. But, slowly decreasing trends of GP from 80.4% to 69.2% was observed in the sealed tin container seeds with lesser moisture content than that of gunny bag and plastic container. The reduction of GP was so higher of 50.38% in the seeds contained in gunny bag than that of only 13.93% in the seeds contained sealed tin container. Wheat seeds stored in sealed tin container, plastic container and gunny bag significantly increased moisture content in ambient condition for 60 DAS. The moisture content of the seeds stored in gunny bag was found to rise remarkably more than other containers. This escalation of seed moisture content was closely related to the surrounding environmental conditions, like tempera-ture and relative humidity where seeds were stored. The rate seed deterioration in gunny bag and plastic container paralleled the level of invasion by storage insect was found. During storage period, insect infected the seeds, and the insect bitten seeds were also found higher in gunny bag and plastic container, but lower in sealed container. Wheat seeds should be stored in air tight sealed container and drying should be done after some days of storage (45-60 DAS).

Keywords: wheat; containers; duration; germination; moisture content; biotic factors

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Effects of GA3 and ABA on the germination of dormant oat seeds

Jul 17, 2019 |

J. Ge, Y. Hu, C. Ren, L. Guo, C. Wang, W. Sun, M.H. Shahrajabian

ABSTRACT. Oat seed with dormancy characteristics, which can germinate after one season or one year, are used to build and maintain vegetation to protect soils from been damaged by desertification in Northern China. The aim of this study was to estimate the effects of endogenous and exogenous GA3 and ABA on oat seed (var. Baiyan 7) germination. The results showed that seeds without peel hull had lower endogenous ABA content and the ratio of ABA/GA3 than seeds with peel hull. The best GA3 treatment duration for milky ripe, wax ripe, full ripe seeds were 60 min or 120 min, 60 min and 30 min, respectively. Seed germination rate, germination potential and germination index increased before they declined with the increasing of GA3 concentrations. The best GA3 concentration treatment was 100 mg/l, while the turning point was 200 mg/l. The dormancy rate of low temperature storage seeds were higher than those of room temperature storage seeds at each storage time, and both decreased with the increase of the storage time. For the seeds which were new or stored for 1-2 months, the germination rates were enhanced significantly by exogenous GA3. For the seeds that had been stored for over three months, GA3 treatment had no effect on germination rate. Germination rate decreased with the increase of ABA concentrations. The most inhibitive effect, which leaded to a seed germination reduction by 37.7% and 4.0%, appeared, when the concentration of ABA was 500 mg/L and 1000 mg/l, respectively. GA3 could abate the effect which ABA inhibited seed germination.

Keywords: dormancy oats; Baiyan; germination index; germination potential.

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Mechanical damage to corn seeds

Jul 17, 2019 |

F. Shahbazi, R. Shahbazi

ABSTRACT. The objective of this research was to evaluate and model the mechanical damage to corn seeds under impact loading. The experiments were conducted at moisture contents of 7.60 to 25% (wet basis) and at the impact energies of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 J, using an impact damage assessment device.
The results showed that impact energy, moisture content, and the interaction effects of these two variables significantly influenced the percentage of physical damage in corn seeds (p<0.01). Increasing the impact of the energy from 0.1 to 0.3 J caused a significant increase in the mean values of damage from 23.73 to 83.49%. The mean values of physical damage decreased significantly by a factor of 1.92 (from 83.75 to 43.56%), with an increase in the moisture content from 7.6 to 20%. However, by a higher increase in the moisture from 20 to 25%, the mean value of damage showed a non-significant increasing trend. There was an optimum moisture level of about 17 to 20%, at which seed damage was minimized. An empirical model composed of seed moisture content and energy impact was developed for accurately describing the percentage of physical damage to corn seeds. It was found that the model has provided satisfactory results over the whole set of values for the dependent variable. Keywords: mechanical damage; harvesting; handling; processing; impact; corn.

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© by the authors; licensee Journal of Applied Life Sciences and Environment, Iasi, Romania. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)