Issue 3 (179)/2019

Integrated diseases management (IDM) modules for the management of cotton diseases in natural condition under south Gujarat region of India

Prashant B. Sandipan^1*, R.K. Patel¹, G.O. Faldu¹, D.M. Patel¹

¹Main Cotton Research Station (MCRS), Navsari Agricultural University (NAU), Surat, (Gujarat), India

*E-mail: prashantsandipan@gmail.com 

Received: Sept. 19, 2019. Revised:Nov. 06, 2019. Accepted: Nov. 15 , 2019. Published online: Dec. 20, 2019

ABSTRACT. Cotton is a vital commercial crop in the world and plays an important role for fibre, fuel and edible oil in the community and to industry. Cotton is a white fibrous agricultural product that has a wide variety of uses, from textile production, to creating paper, to producing oil and food products. Cotton is grown all around the globe, and is traded internationally as well. The cotton diseases scenario has shown a continuous change during the past 64 years. Several diseases have been reported for the cotton crop. The use of IDM strategy is gaining momentum now a days, but in developing countries it often lacks the enabling environment for its successful implemen-tation. Cotton crop is affected by various diseases caused by organisms, such as fungi, bacteria and viruses that grow on and within the plant tissues. In this experiment, total seven modules including the control was tested in this experiment from which, module 6 (6.50% PDI), followed by module 5 (8.50% PDI) significantly recorded minimum bacterial leaf blight infection in comparison to the module 7, i.e. control (18.50% PDI) in RCH 2 BG II hybrid. For Alternaria leaf spot disease, module 6 (2.50 % PDI) were recorded significantly minimum Alternaria leaf spot disease in RCH 2 BG II hybrid, as compared to the control (10.50 % PDI), followed by module 5 (4.50 % PDI) and module 4 (5.50 % PDI).

Keywords: cotton; Integrated Disease Management; biocontrol; modules.

INTRODUCTION

Cotton is grown all around the globe, and is traded internationally as well. Cotton is a white fibrous agricultural product that has a wide variety of uses, from textile production, to creating paper, to producing oil and food products. Plant diseases are measured as an important biotic constraint, which significantly leads to crop losses worldwide. Integrated disease management (IDM), which combines physical, biological, cultural and chemical control strategies in a holistic way rather than using a single component strategy. In practice and in the majority of cropping systems today, emphasis is still being placed on a single technology. Nevertheless, the use of IDM strategy is gaining ground nowadays, but in developing countries it often lacks the enabling environment for its successful implementation. Cotton crop is affected by various diseases caused by organisms, such as fungi, bacteria and viruses that grow on and within the plant tissues. These organisms often cause stunting of the plants, defoliation, reduced vigor and yield and sometimes death. Out of 30 diseases known to occur in cotton crop from time to time, the bacterial blight is the most wide spread and destructive disease, reported to cause yield losses of about 10 to 30 per cent (Bhatti and Bhutta, 1983, Kalpana et al., 2004, Sekhon et al., 2008 and Sandipan et al., 2016).

However, wide adoption of IDM practices is a pre-requisite for achieving impact at the country level. Experience over the last few decades clearly showed that adoption and support for using participatory approaches help farmers improve their overall field management, including disease management, reducing costs and improving production efficiency. It is estimated that 10-15% of the already low yields in developing countries is lost due to disease attack, and losses can be higher if post harvest diseases are considered. This is a significant loss, considering that in developing countries at present more than 800 million people do not have enough food, and around 1.3 billion live on less than one dollar a day (FAO, 2004). Even though the use of IDM strategy is well established and results obtained are encouraging, in practice and in the majority of cropping systems today, emphasis is still being placed on a single technology, may it be host-plant resistance, pesticide applications or cultural practices and rarely the combination of all (Thomas and Waage, 1996). Considering this whole scenario, this present investigation was made to ascertain IDM in cotton crop.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The experiment was laid by dibbling method with the following experimental details (Tables 1 and 2). All the recommended agronomic practices were followed for raising the good crop. In each net plot of each treatment randomly tag five plants and score five lower and five middle leaves of each plant in terms of 0-4 grade and work out PDI, as mentioned below by using 0-4 scale, as given by Sheoraj and Verma, 1988 and then these grades were converted into per cent disease incidence (PDI) by using the formula given by Wheeler, 1969 (Bacterial leaf blight and Alternaria leaf spot diseases).

Word cloud from Introduction

For Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease

For Alternaria leaf spot (ALS) disease

For Alternaria disease, it is standard methodology of AICCIP, cotton and similar disease scale was used by Anil (2013) in his thesis on Studies on leaf blight of Bt cotton, caused by Alternaria spp. in 2013, submitted to the University of Agricultural Sciences (Hosagoudar et al., 2008 a,b).

Table 1
Experimental details

Table 2
Treatment details

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The field experiment was conducted during kharif 2016. The results presented in Table 3 and Fig. 1 revealed that the out of the total seven modules, including the control, module 6 (6.50% PDI), followed by module 5 (8.50% PDI), significantly recorded minimum bacterial leaf blight infection in comparison to the module 7, i.e. control (18.50 % PDI) in RCH 2 BG II hybrid, while all the remaining modules found statistically at par with the module 7, i.e. control for the bacterial leaf blight at Surat centre (Main Cotton Research Station).

For Alternaria leaf spot disease, module 6 (2.50% PDI) were recorded significantly minimum

Alternaria leaf spot disease in RCH 2 BG II hybrid, as compared to the control (10.50 % PDI), followed by module 5 (4.50 % PDI) and module 4 (5.50 % PDI) (Table 3 and Fig. 2).

The highest seed cotton yield was recorded in module 6 (2690.00 kg/ ha), followed by module 5 (2430.67 kg/ ha) and module 4 (2311.00 kg/ ha) (Fig. 3).

Comparison of the efficacy between the biocontrol agents used in different modules at Surat centre indicated that module 6 (ST – PF CICR @ 10 g/kg of seed + Soil Application of Trichoderma viride @ 2.5 kg/ha TV- TNAU1 in 250 kg of Compost or FYM and foliar spray with Kresoxim methyl @ 1 ml/litre, followed by Captan + Hexaconazole @ 1.5 g/litre for fungal diseases or COC (0.3%) + Streptocycline (0.01%) for BLB) and module 5 (ST – PF CICR @ 10 g/kg of seed + Soil Application of Trichoderma viride @ 2.5 kg/ha TV-TNAU1 FS with Propiconazole 0.1% for fungal diseases and COC 0.3% + Streptocycline 0.01% for BLB or Carbendazim 0.1% for grey mildew on need basis) were found effective in reducing the bacterial leaf blight and Alternaria leaf spot diseases in RCH 2 BG II hybrid cotton.

Figure 1 – Per cent disease intensity of Bacterial leaf blight (BLB)

Table 3
Statement showing the per cent disease intensity of Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) and Alternaria leaf spot (ALS) and seed cotton yield in Developing IDM modules for the management of cotton diseases 2016-17

Figure 2 – Per cent disease intensity of Alternaria leaf spot (ALS)

Figure 3 – Seed cotton yield

CONCLUSIONS

It is originate from the module 6, which consists of Seed treatment of  PF CICR @ 10 g/kg of seed + Soil Application of Trichoderma viride @ 2.5 kg/ha  TV-TNAU1 in 250 kg of Compost or Farm yard manure (FYM) and foliar spray with Kresoxim methyl @ 1 ml/litre, followed by Captan + Hexaconazole @ 1.5 g/litre for fungal diseases or COC (0.3%) + Streptocycline (0.01%) was found effective in plummeting the bacterial leaf blight disease in cotton crop.

Acknowledgement. Author is highly thankful to Main Cotton Research Station (MCRS), NAU, Surat (Gujarat) for providing the required facility and other arrangements for the conducting the experiment.

REFERENCES

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