Kohut Inna

Winter wheat yield depending on different soil tillage systems in short-term crop rotations under Black Sea region conditions

Svitlana Pochkolina, Alexander Melnyk, Inna Kohut, Viacheslav Rudenko, Serhiy Vlasenko

ABSTRACT. A crop rotation system with optimal placement and saturation of leading agricultural crops can improve the environmental conditions of the surrounding environment and increase the agricultural efficiency. Therefore, solving this task is relevant both scientifically and practically, especially in the current conditions of deteriorating environmental conditions in Ukraine. The development of environmentally safe technologies for the competitive production of high-quality crop products in the Black Sea Steppe. The primary method was fieldwork, supplemented by analytical studies, measurements, calculations, and observations according to generally accepted methodologies and guidelines in agriculture and crop production. This study focused on crop rotation systems and primary soil tillage systems. This study examined the impact of different primary soil tillage systems on the yield of winter wheat and oats in a short-rotation system. For the 1st and 4th crops, the most favourable conditions for winter wheat yield formation were observed when it was planted after black fallow and green manure fallow with winter vetch. In these cases, almost identical grain yields were recorded, averaging 3.98 and 4.08 t/ha for the 1st crop and 3.29 and 3.16 t/ha for the 4th crop. The differences in yield were not significant. For the 2nd crop, when comparing yield with the control (black fallow), an increase in yield was observed in the background of green manure fallow with winter vetch. The increase of 6.9% was statistically significant. The no-till system of primary soil cultivation provided the best conditions for the formation of winter wheat grain yield in the 1st, 2nd, and 4th crops, with increases of 10.4, 6.9, and 5.4%, respectively, compared to conventional tillage. In the experimental variants, for the 1st and 4th crops, green manure fallow with winter vetch affected winter wheat yield, almost at the level of black fallow. For the 2nd crop, green manure fallow with winter vetch showed a clear advantage. Across all winter wheat crops, a positive impact on yield formation was observed with the no-till system. This system resulted in the highest yield compared to other soil tillage systems.

Keywords: black fallow; green manure fallow; oats; soil tillage systems.

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Nitrogen Feeding of Winter Peas at the Spring Vegetation Recovery Stage

Svetlana Burykina, Leonid Serhieiev, Inna Kohut, Victor Sharii

ABSTRACT. In a field experiment from 2020–2023 on the southern chernozems of the Odessa region of Ukraine, we studied the effect of the doses and timing of mineral nitrogen application when growing winter peas on the tuberization process and crop productivity. Mineral nitrogen in doses of 30, 45 and 60 kg/ha in the form of ammonium nitrate was applied in different development phases of winter peas under seedbed cultivation: foliar top dressing with urea solutions during the resumption of spring vegetation, the budding phase and the beginning of grain filling. Winter pea of the Enduro variety was sown annually on October 20, with a row spacing of 15 cm and a rate of 1.2 million germinating seeds per hectare. The previous crop was winter wheat. The conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine for winter sown peas were shown for the first time. The introduction of mineral nitrogen at a rate of 30–60 kg/ha into the soil during sowing inhibited the formation of nodules from the active spring growth phase. The mass of nodules on the roots of pea plants decreased by 30–50% compared to the control variant without nitrogen application. The same norms of mineral nitrogen introduced in early spring during the resumption of vegetation on the leaf in the form of aqueous solutions did not have a negative impact on tuberization. The correlation coefficient between the dose of mineral nitrogen and the number and weight of nodules did not exceed 0.37, indicating a weak relationship between these indicators. The share of influence of mineral nitrogen norms did not exceed 13.7%. With this method of application, the nitrogen content in the vegetative mass of winter peas exceeded the control variant by 18–27%.

Keywords: calcic chernozem doses; mineral nitrogen; nodules; peas; terms; winter sowing.

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