Online: ISSN 2784 – 0360 | Print: ISSN 2784 – 0379

Bhuyan Md. Simul

Proximate composition analysis of the mudskipper Boleophthalmus boddarti from Cox’s Bazar, Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh

Md. Simul Bhuyan, Abu Jahan Mohammed Morshed, Mohammad Rokan Uddin and Sanjida Jahan Farjana

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-592211

Article preview: Often overlooked despite its ecological importance, the mudskipper Boleophthalmus boddarti may represent an underutilised source of high-quality protein. This study presents the first baseline assessment of its proximate composition from the Cox’s Bazar–Teknaf coast, Bay of Bengal, opening new perspectives for nutrition research and sustainable coastal resource management.

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Impact of climate change on sea-going fishers: a case study from Paikgachha Upazila, Khulna, Bangladesh

Md Minarul Hoque, Afifat Khanam Ritika and Md. Simul Bhuyan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-583183

ABSTRACT. Climate change can severely impact fishermen’s community due to the nature of their profession. This study investigates the impacts of climate change on sea-going fishers in Paikgachha Upazila, Khulna, Bangladesh. A total of 60 randomly selected fishers were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires and focus group discussions to assess climate-induced changes in their livelihoods. Field data reveal that 100% of the respondents experienced reduced fishing duration due to frequent storms, erratic sea behaviour, and early seasonal changes. Around 40% of fishers have shifted to alternative professions, and approximately 40% of local residents have migrated over the past 20 years due to climate-related livelihood disruption. In 2022, 90% of fishers lost their prawn farms owing to saline water intrusion and elevated water temperatures. Climatic trend analysis using Bangladesh Meteorological Department data confirms an increasing pattern in mean temperature per year (+0.014℃) and rainfall (+7.22 mmyr-1) in coastal regions over the past three decades. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted adaptation strategies, safety protocols, and livelihood diversification to support the resilience of this vulnerable population.

Keywords: climate change; coastal Bangladesh; fishing duration; profession shift; salinity; sea-going fishers.

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Preliminary study of the amino acids of horseshoe crabs (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda) from the Cox’s Bazar Coast, Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh

Md. Simul Bhuyan, Md. Tarikul Islam and Vinmoy Mondal

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-582179

ABSTRACT. Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda is an ancient marine arthropod with significant ecological and biomedical importance due to its unique physiological features and bioactive compounds. Despite this critical role in pharmaceutical applications, especially in endotoxin detection assays, the amino acid (AA) profile of C. rotundicauda remains underexplored, especially the population in the northern Bay of Bengal. This study investigated the AA profile of C. rotundicauda collected from the Cox’s Bazar coast of Bangladesh, with the goal of assessing its nutritional value and biomedical potential. A preliminary biochemical analysis was conducted using samples collected from a mangrove-dominated estuarine zone. A rigorous analytical protocol involving hydrolysis, filtration, and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was employed to accurately quantify the essential and non-essential amino acids. The results revealed a total AA content of 2.2%, with leucine (0.5%), isoleucine (0.3%), and proline (0.3%) being the most abundant. Interestingly, aspartic acid was not detected, and trace levels of methionine (0.006%) and histidine (0.0006%) were observed, suggesting unique metabolic adaptations in this species compared to other marine arthropods. These findings are significant as they represent the first detailed account of the AA profile of C. rotundicauda from Bangladesh’s coastal waters. The dominance of branched-chain amino acids such as leucine and isoleucine highlights the species’ potential role in supporting protein synthesis and metabolic regulation. This biochemical insight opens new possibilities for the species’ application in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries, while also underlining the need for its conservation amid increasing habitat degradation.

Keywords: amino acid profiling; biomedical applications; Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda; nutritional composition.

read more

First report of the amino acid and fatty acid composition of jellyfish (Lobonemoides Robustus Stiasny, 1920) collected during jellyfish bloom along the Cox’s Bazar Coast, Bangladesh

Tarikul Islam, Simul Bhuyan, Mala Khan, Mrityunjoy Kunda, Sumi Akter and Nayan Kumer Kundu

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-571126

ABSTRACT. Jellyfish (JF) are essential to marine ecosystems. However, JF that increases rapidly can have negative effects. On 3-4 August 2022, a significant JF (Lobonemoides Robustus Stiasny, 1920) bloom was observed along Cox’s Bazar coast (from Najdirartek to Sabrang) in Bangladesh. The goal of the current investigation was to identify the fatty acids (FAs) and amino acids (AAs) of L. robustus. The AAs were determined using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, while the FAs were determined using a gas chromatographic system with a flame ionisation detector. The most prevalent AA was glycine. The most common FA was linoleic acid (C18:3) (0.43%), followed by myristic acid (0.12%), cis-9-oleic acid (0.18%), gamma-linolenic acid (0.24%), and heptadecanoic acid (0.29%). Based on its AA and FA contents, L. robustus can be a great candidate for the potentially sustainable manufacture of nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, and biomedical natural products to improve health and well-being. In addition, the edible L. robustus could be exported to other countries, thus way it can play a major role in achieving a blue economy.

Keywords: amino acids; bloom; blue economy; fatty acids; jellyfish.

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Experimental cultivation of seaweed on the coast of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh: identifying the effects of environmental parameters on seaweed growth

Md. Simul Bhuyan, Sayeed Mahmood Belal Haider, Mrityunjoy Kunda, Abid Husain, Enam Chowdhury, Venkatramanan Senapathi, K. Sivakumar and Manickam Elangovan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-563108

ABSTRACT. The current study was carried out at Rezu Khal to determine the ideal area for seaweed farming. Additionally, this investigation uncovered species of commercially productive and lucrative seaweed. Temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), conductivity, and Formazin Nephelometric Units (FNU) of surface water ranged from 20.9 to 26.2°C, 24 to 26.2‰, 6.45 to 8.5, 92 to 105%, 33,256 to 64,267 µS/cm, and 11.1 to 42.8, respectively. Phosphate-phosphorus concentrations in surface water were 2.6–7.6 mg/L, 0.04–0.12 mg/L for nitrate-nitrogen, 0.002–0.04 mg/L for nitrite-nitrogen, 0.15–0.83 mg/L for silica, and 0.13–0.28 mg/L for ammonia. Three seaweed species (Gracilaria lemaneiformis, Hypnea musciformes, and Sargassum oligocystum) were cultivated in the selected areas. Two methods (net and long-line) were used for the culture. In this study, 15–20 kg of G. lemaneiformis were harvested every 15 days using the net method. H. musciformes gained 4 to 12 kg every 15 days. Although S. oligocystum thrived nicely, it was challenging to maintain its viability. The findings of this study indicate that seaweed farming is feasible and coastal residents may participate in seasonal income-generating endeavours in coastal waters.

Keywords: culture; effects; physicochemical parameters; seaweed; Rezu Khal.

read more

Seaweed culture, post-harvest processing, and market generation for employment of coastal poor communities in Cox’s Bazar

Asrafi Md. Farhaduzzaman, Md. Suzan Khan, Mohammad Hasan, Rashedul Islam, Mahadi Hasan Osman, Md. Neamul Hasan Shovon, Sayeed Mahmood Belal Haider, Mrityunjoy Kunda, Md. Tarikul Islam and Md. Simul Bhuyan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-562098

ABSTRACT. Seaweed farming is one of the aquaculture industries with the greatest growth rate worldwide, with an annual production of over 33 billion tonnes, and a value of USD$11.8 billion which is predicted to treble by 2024. The current study was conducted in the Bakkhali River estuary and set out to survey the seaweed cultivation, processing, marketing status of the seaweed farmers and evaluate its financial benefits. Gracilaria lemaneiformis and Ulva intestinalis were cultured using the rope methods. The yield of G. lemaneiformis and U. intestinalis was good (Ten 15 m long ropes were used in each of the 45 plots, produced 7770 kg of G. lemaneiformis in the first 15 days while using ten 15 m long ropes were in each of the plots of U. intestinalis produced 2300 kg). Water parameters viz. temperature, salinity, pH, DO and transparency were checked every 15 days. According to previous literature, winter was determined to be the most productive time for seaweed development in Bangladesh. Seaweed was processed by the sun drying method and sold to retail clients, neighborhood shops and markets, and representatives in Cox’s Bazar, Bandarban, Rangamati and Khagrachari district, where G. lemaneiformis attracting the higher price. The income of seaweed farmers has increased more than in the previous years to maintain their family. Most of the farmers used raw seaweed as traditional medicine for the treatment of gastric problem (80%), diabetes (5%), blood pressure (3%) and cancer (2%). They also used seaweed as an additive with other vegetables, mutton and chicken. Education for coastal people is very difficult, but after cultivating seaweed, about 60% of farmers can afford their children’s education cost and about 85% of the households had electric fans, while the majority had mobile phones. The cost-benefit analysis demonstrated that seaweed cultivation is highly profitable.

Keywords: coastal communities; employment generation; marketing; processing; seaweed culture.

read more

Proximate composition analysis of the mudskipper Boleophthalmus boddarti from Cox’s Bazar, Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh

Jul 22, 2026 |

Md. Simul Bhuyan, Abu Jahan Mohammed Morshed, Mohammad Rokan Uddin and Sanjida Jahan Farjana

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-592211

Article preview: Often overlooked despite its ecological importance, the mudskipper Boleophthalmus boddarti may represent an underutilised source of high-quality protein. This study presents the first baseline assessment of its proximate composition from the Cox’s Bazar–Teknaf coast, Bay of Bengal, opening new perspectives for nutrition research and sustainable coastal resource management.

read more

Impact of climate change on sea-going fishers: a case study from Paikgachha Upazila, Khulna, Bangladesh

Sep 29, 2025 |

Md Minarul Hoque, Afifat Khanam Ritika and Md. Simul Bhuyan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-583183

ABSTRACT. Climate change can severely impact fishermen’s community due to the nature of their profession. This study investigates the impacts of climate change on sea-going fishers in Paikgachha Upazila, Khulna, Bangladesh. A total of 60 randomly selected fishers were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires and focus group discussions to assess climate-induced changes in their livelihoods. Field data reveal that 100% of the respondents experienced reduced fishing duration due to frequent storms, erratic sea behaviour, and early seasonal changes. Around 40% of fishers have shifted to alternative professions, and approximately 40% of local residents have migrated over the past 20 years due to climate-related livelihood disruption. In 2022, 90% of fishers lost their prawn farms owing to saline water intrusion and elevated water temperatures. Climatic trend analysis using Bangladesh Meteorological Department data confirms an increasing pattern in mean temperature per year (+0.014℃) and rainfall (+7.22 mmyr-1) in coastal regions over the past three decades. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted adaptation strategies, safety protocols, and livelihood diversification to support the resilience of this vulnerable population.

Keywords: climate change; coastal Bangladesh; fishing duration; profession shift; salinity; sea-going fishers.

read more

Preliminary study of the amino acids of horseshoe crabs (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda) from the Cox’s Bazar Coast, Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh

Aug 8, 2025 |

Md. Simul Bhuyan, Md. Tarikul Islam and Vinmoy Mondal

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-582179

ABSTRACT. Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda is an ancient marine arthropod with significant ecological and biomedical importance due to its unique physiological features and bioactive compounds. Despite this critical role in pharmaceutical applications, especially in endotoxin detection assays, the amino acid (AA) profile of C. rotundicauda remains underexplored, especially the population in the northern Bay of Bengal. This study investigated the AA profile of C. rotundicauda collected from the Cox’s Bazar coast of Bangladesh, with the goal of assessing its nutritional value and biomedical potential. A preliminary biochemical analysis was conducted using samples collected from a mangrove-dominated estuarine zone. A rigorous analytical protocol involving hydrolysis, filtration, and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was employed to accurately quantify the essential and non-essential amino acids. The results revealed a total AA content of 2.2%, with leucine (0.5%), isoleucine (0.3%), and proline (0.3%) being the most abundant. Interestingly, aspartic acid was not detected, and trace levels of methionine (0.006%) and histidine (0.0006%) were observed, suggesting unique metabolic adaptations in this species compared to other marine arthropods. These findings are significant as they represent the first detailed account of the AA profile of C. rotundicauda from Bangladesh’s coastal waters. The dominance of branched-chain amino acids such as leucine and isoleucine highlights the species’ potential role in supporting protein synthesis and metabolic regulation. This biochemical insight opens new possibilities for the species’ application in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries, while also underlining the need for its conservation amid increasing habitat degradation.

Keywords: amino acid profiling; biomedical applications; Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda; nutritional composition.

read more

First report of the amino acid and fatty acid composition of jellyfish (Lobonemoides Robustus Stiasny, 1920) collected during jellyfish bloom along the Cox’s Bazar Coast, Bangladesh

Mar 18, 2024 |

Tarikul Islam, Simul Bhuyan, Mala Khan, Mrityunjoy Kunda, Sumi Akter and Nayan Kumer Kundu

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-571126

ABSTRACT. Jellyfish (JF) are essential to marine ecosystems. However, JF that increases rapidly can have negative effects. On 3-4 August 2022, a significant JF (Lobonemoides Robustus Stiasny, 1920) bloom was observed along Cox’s Bazar coast (from Najdirartek to Sabrang) in Bangladesh. The goal of the current investigation was to identify the fatty acids (FAs) and amino acids (AAs) of L. robustus. The AAs were determined using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, while the FAs were determined using a gas chromatographic system with a flame ionisation detector. The most prevalent AA was glycine. The most common FA was linoleic acid (C18:3) (0.43%), followed by myristic acid (0.12%), cis-9-oleic acid (0.18%), gamma-linolenic acid (0.24%), and heptadecanoic acid (0.29%). Based on its AA and FA contents, L. robustus can be a great candidate for the potentially sustainable manufacture of nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, and biomedical natural products to improve health and well-being. In addition, the edible L. robustus could be exported to other countries, thus way it can play a major role in achieving a blue economy.

Keywords: amino acids; bloom; blue economy; fatty acids; jellyfish.

read more

Experimental cultivation of seaweed on the coast of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh: identifying the effects of environmental parameters on seaweed growth

Dec 8, 2023 |

Md. Simul Bhuyan, Sayeed Mahmood Belal Haider, Mrityunjoy Kunda, Abid Husain, Enam Chowdhury, Venkatramanan Senapathi, K. Sivakumar and Manickam Elangovan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-563108

ABSTRACT. The current study was carried out at Rezu Khal to determine the ideal area for seaweed farming. Additionally, this investigation uncovered species of commercially productive and lucrative seaweed. Temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), conductivity, and Formazin Nephelometric Units (FNU) of surface water ranged from 20.9 to 26.2°C, 24 to 26.2‰, 6.45 to 8.5, 92 to 105%, 33,256 to 64,267 µS/cm, and 11.1 to 42.8, respectively. Phosphate-phosphorus concentrations in surface water were 2.6–7.6 mg/L, 0.04–0.12 mg/L for nitrate-nitrogen, 0.002–0.04 mg/L for nitrite-nitrogen, 0.15–0.83 mg/L for silica, and 0.13–0.28 mg/L for ammonia. Three seaweed species (Gracilaria lemaneiformis, Hypnea musciformes, and Sargassum oligocystum) were cultivated in the selected areas. Two methods (net and long-line) were used for the culture. In this study, 15–20 kg of G. lemaneiformis were harvested every 15 days using the net method. H. musciformes gained 4 to 12 kg every 15 days. Although S. oligocystum thrived nicely, it was challenging to maintain its viability. The findings of this study indicate that seaweed farming is feasible and coastal residents may participate in seasonal income-generating endeavours in coastal waters.

Keywords: culture; effects; physicochemical parameters; seaweed; Rezu Khal.

read more

Seaweed culture, post-harvest processing, and market generation for employment of coastal poor communities in Cox’s Bazar

Sep 7, 2023 |

Asrafi Md. Farhaduzzaman, Md. Suzan Khan, Mohammad Hasan, Rashedul Islam, Mahadi Hasan Osman, Md. Neamul Hasan Shovon, Sayeed Mahmood Belal Haider, Mrityunjoy Kunda, Md. Tarikul Islam and Md. Simul Bhuyan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46909/alse-562098

ABSTRACT. Seaweed farming is one of the aquaculture industries with the greatest growth rate worldwide, with an annual production of over 33 billion tonnes, and a value of USD$11.8 billion which is predicted to treble by 2024. The current study was conducted in the Bakkhali River estuary and set out to survey the seaweed cultivation, processing, marketing status of the seaweed farmers and evaluate its financial benefits. Gracilaria lemaneiformis and Ulva intestinalis were cultured using the rope methods. The yield of G. lemaneiformis and U. intestinalis was good (Ten 15 m long ropes were used in each of the 45 plots, produced 7770 kg of G. lemaneiformis in the first 15 days while using ten 15 m long ropes were in each of the plots of U. intestinalis produced 2300 kg). Water parameters viz. temperature, salinity, pH, DO and transparency were checked every 15 days. According to previous literature, winter was determined to be the most productive time for seaweed development in Bangladesh. Seaweed was processed by the sun drying method and sold to retail clients, neighborhood shops and markets, and representatives in Cox’s Bazar, Bandarban, Rangamati and Khagrachari district, where G. lemaneiformis attracting the higher price. The income of seaweed farmers has increased more than in the previous years to maintain their family. Most of the farmers used raw seaweed as traditional medicine for the treatment of gastric problem (80%), diabetes (5%), blood pressure (3%) and cancer (2%). They also used seaweed as an additive with other vegetables, mutton and chicken. Education for coastal people is very difficult, but after cultivating seaweed, about 60% of farmers can afford their children’s education cost and about 85% of the households had electric fans, while the majority had mobile phones. The cost-benefit analysis demonstrated that seaweed cultivation is highly profitable.

Keywords: coastal communities; employment generation; marketing; processing; seaweed culture.

read more

© 2026 by the authors; licensee Journal of Applied Life Sciences and Environment, Iasi, Romania. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)